1 ???????? ?????? -
???????? ??????, ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????, ?? ????????? ????????? - ????????? ??????? (0 k, ????) ???? ?????? (03.15 ℃) ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????????, ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? -
???????? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???????,?????? eng ????? 0.8μm ????????? 50 ???? ????, ???? ???????? ??????????? ???? ????? ??? (0.4μm ?? 0.8μm).

???? ?????? eng ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?'??

λ = c / f ???????? c ????? ???? 3.0 × 108 m / s ? ??? gream ? ??? -
?????? ??????: ???????? ????? ???????? ????? 4x1014hz ~ 8X1014Hz ?????? ???????? -


2 ???????? ?????? - ??????????? ?????? -
??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???, ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? -
???????? ??????, ?? ???? ??????????? ???? ???? ????? "???????? ????????????? ?????? ??????" ??????? -
????????? - ?????, ????? - ????? ??? ???? - ????? ??????????? ???????, ???? ??????????? ??????? ???????? 0.7 2.5μm ??? 8 ~ 14μm ??
?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? - ????? ???????? ???????? ????? 8 ~ 14μm -



3 ????????? ??????? ????????? ????:
①? ???????? ?????: ?????? text ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? -
②? ???????? ???????? ????????: ?????????? ????? ????????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? -
③? ????????????? ????????????: ?????? eluble ? electrical ????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??? -
④? ????????? ??????: ?????? viols ??????? ???? ????? ????? ? electrical ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? -
⑤? ????????: ?????? feam ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??? -

4 ???????? (NIR)
?????? - ???????? (NIR) ??????? (0.8μm ~ 1μm) ???????? ????? ??????????????? ????? ??????, ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????;
???????? ???? ???,Nir ???? ???? ????????? ????? -???? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? sun ??????? ?????? ????????? ???;
????????????:
????????, CMOS ?????? ?????? air ?????? ?????? ????????? - ???????? ??????, ???? ??? ????, ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????;
?????? - ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????, ? enhance ???? ???? -?????????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ??????;


4 ???? ????? ???????? (?? iir ?)
???? ?? ???????? (?? irir ?) ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????;
???? ?????, ??????, ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???;
?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???;
500 ?? 3000 ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? - ?????? ????????? 500 ~ 3000 ℃ ?????? ???;
????????????:
????, ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????????;
????? ????? ????????? ?????, ???????? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????????;
??????? ????????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????;
?????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? -


5 ????? ????? ???????? (mwir)
??????:
???? ???????????? ??? ???????????: ??? ????, ??????? ???????????? (Netd) <20 ?????, ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? -
????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???? ???????????????? ??? (???, 3 - 5? 5 μM - ??? ???????????? ???? ??????? - ????? ?????, ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? -
????? - ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????: ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ???, ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? "??????? ???? ??? ????" ??????? ?????? ?????? -
?????? ????????? ?????: ??? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? -
????? ??????????? ???: ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ????????, 100Hz ???? ?????? ??? ??????? -

???????:
???? ???????????? ??? ????????: COOLED ????????? ?? ???????? ?????, ??? ???????????? ??????, ????? ??????? 5 5 ??? -
??? ???? ??? ????? ???????: REFT ?????? ????????, ???? ??????????, ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? -
??????? ????????: ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????? -
???? ????????????: ???????????? ????? (e.g., ?? ????????? ????? ???? ????? 10,000 ?????) ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????, ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? -

????????????:
?????? ?????, ?????? ??????, ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????;
??????? ?????, ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? (???) -


6 ????? ????? ???????? (LWIR)
??????:
?????????????, ??? ?????? ?????? ???????, ??? ????? ??????, ??? ????, ?????? ???, ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? -
?????? ???? ??????? ??????: ??????? ??????????? ?????????? (? 40 ° C ~ 8 ° C), ???? ???, ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? - ?????????, ??????? -
??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????: ????? ??????? 1W ?????? ??'???? ??? (??? ???? ???? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????), ??? ??? ???????????? ?????? -
????? - ??????? ????????: ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????, ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? (?????? MWIR ???? ?????? ??????), ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? -

???????:
????? ????????????: ??????? 30 30 ~ 50mk, ?????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ?????? ????????, ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? - ????????? ???????? ??????) -
??? ??????????? ??????: ?????? ??? ??????? en ≤60Hz, ??????? ???? ??????? ????? - ???? - ???? ???? ??? ??????? (??????? ?????????? ???????) -
?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????: ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? (??????? ??, ?????? ????????), ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? -
????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????????????: ??????????? ?????? (???? ??????

????????????:
?????? ??????: ? electrical ??????? ????? ?????, ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????? - ??, ???????? ????? ??? ?????? -
????????: ???? - ????????? ????? ????? ?????, ??? - ????? ????????? ????? -