Mafambiro aJohnson weKufungidzira kwekufungidzira uye kuzivikanwa

Nhoroondo yekumashure: Mukupera kwema1950, John W. Johnson weU.S. Mauto eU.S.Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia). Mune yake 1958 pepa "Kuongororwa kwemifananidzo inoumba masisitimu".Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia) (Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia). Izvi zvakazivikanwa se Maitiro aJohnson. Iyo yakachinja sensor dhizaini nekubvumira mainjiniya kufanotaura kuti chinangwa chakadii chinogona kuoneka, chinozivikanwa, kana kuzivikanwa pasi pemamiriro akapihwa (Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia) (Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia). Uchishandisa maitiro aya, mazhinji okufungidzira mhando dzakazotumirwa kuyera sensor maitiro pasi pemamiriro akasiyana ekushanda (Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia) (Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia).

Kuona, kuzivikanwa, uye kuzivikanwa (Dr) mabasa

Maitiro aJohnson anotsanangura matatu ekutanga mabasa ekuona:

• Kuwanikwa: Iye anoona anongoona kuti chinhu chiripo. . 1.0 × 0.25 mutsara vaviri vaviri kuyambuka chinangwa (Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia).

• Kuzivikanwa: Mucherechedzi anogona kutaurira iyo General mhando yechinhu (semuenzaniso, kusiyanisa munhu kubva mumotokari). Izvi zvinoda zvimwe zvakadzama - pakutanga nezve 4.0 × 0.8 mutsara vaviri (Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia).

• Kuzivikanwa: Mucherechedzi anogona kuziva chimwe chinhu (i.e. mimwe yemotokari yemotokari kana munhu chaiye). Iri ndiro rakaoma kwazvo basa, richida nezve 6.4 × 1.5 mutsara maviri (Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia).

.Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia),Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia). Mune yemazuva ano yekufungidzira kufungidzira, izvi zvikumbaridzo zvinowanzotenderedzwa kuti 1, 3, uye 6 comecle ye50% mukana wekuita basa racho (Chii chinonzi Dr, uye chii chakavakirwa pakuverenga?).

(Yemahara Man Silhouette Vector art - Dhawunirodha 17,246+ Man Silhouette Icons & Graphics - PixAbay) Mufananidzo: Munhu - yakaumbwa chinangwa pasi pekutarisa. Panguva kure kure, iyo chinangwa chete inoburitsa yakasviba silhouette (zvakakwana kuti iwane); Sezvo resolution (kana padyo) inowedzera, kumeso uye zvipfeko zvinobuda, zvinogonesa kuzivikanwa uye pakupedzisira kuzara. Mafambiro aJohnson anokoshesa kuti mangani line mbiri yedzinza anodiwa pane imwe neimwe nhanho (Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia) (Chii chinonzi Dr, uye chii chakavakirwa pakuverenga?).

Mafambiro aJohnson (Kugadziriswa Kwekugadzirisa)

Maitiro ekutanga aJohnson anowanzo kupfupikiswa seanotevera huwandu hwemakumi mashanu muzana rekubudirira kwebasa rimwe nerimwe rebasa (Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia):

• Kuona (chinhu kuvapo): ~ 1.0 mutsara pairi pane chinangwa (50% mukana) (Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia).

• Kuzivikanwa (kirasi yechinhu): ~ 4.0 mutsara maviri pane chinangwa (Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia).

• Kuzivikanwa (chaiye chinhu): ~ 6.4 line vaviri vaviri pane chinangwa (Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia).

Aya maitiro anofungidzira yakakwira target - musiyano wekusiyana uye akakodzera anoona. .Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia).) Mazhinji masisitimu akakoshaChii chinonzi Dr, uye chii chakavakirwa pakuverenga?). Semuenzaniso, iyo NATO GATELINE inoshandisa yakawedzera 1 kutenderera kwekuonekwa, 3 yekuzivikanwa, uye 6 yekuzivikanwa (Chii chinonzi Dr, uye chii chakavakirwa pakuverenga?). (Iyo U.S. Mauto akagadziridzwa Wana maitiro anotoshandisa 0,75, 1,5, 3, uye 6 matanho ekuona, isa, ziva, zivisa, kuratidza, kuratidza basa rakanatswa (NHOROONDO NEMHURE YEMUFANANIDZO WENYAYA).)

Maitiro aJohnson anowanzo kuratidzwa probabilistically: yakapihwa N Clecle pane chinangwa, pane mukana unoenderana wekuita nenzira kwayo kuita rimwe nerimwe basa (kazhinji Sigmoid - like, ne50% paiyo tablated chikumbaridzo). Nekudaro, zvinonyanya kushandiswa se "mutemo wechigunwe" kuyanana zvinodiwa pabasa racho.

Masvomhu (resolution uye range)

The the Nhamba yeiyo yakagadziriswa cycle Kuyambuka tarisiro inoenderana nehukuru hwechinangwa, huwandu, sensor optics, uye sizeel size. Yeiyo yakapusa pinhole kana yakaonda lens modhi (diki - angle approxation), imwe inowana (Zvakakosha kufungidzira system kuongororwa kwemotokari dzekutaurisa):

kupi n ndiyo nhamba yeiyo come pane chinangwa, h_o ndiye hunhu hwehunhu hwehukuru (m), f ndiyo lens inowedzera kureba (zvakafanana zvikamu se pixel pitch), p ndiyo pixel pitch (chinhambwe pakati pePixel Centers), uye R ndiyo huwandu kune chinangwa. Iyi formula inobata mhedzisiro migumisiro: chinangwa chakakura (kana kureba focal urefu) inowedzera n, nepo pixel yakakura kana yakareba mbopa inoderera n (Zvakakosha kufungidzira system kuongororwa kwemotokari dzekutaurisa). Kana N matende anodikanwa (kubva patafura yaJohnson) yeimwe basa, iyo Kuona range inogona kugadziriswa se

Semuenzaniso, kupokana nehukuru hwakatarwa kana urefu hwemahara hunowedzera huwandu hwekuona huwandu hwakatemerwa N (Zvakakosha kufungidzira system kuongororwa kwemotokari dzekutaurisa). Saizvozvowo, Kuchengetera pixel pitch (i.e. yakakwira sensor resolution) yakapetwa iyo huwandu. Aya mafomu anowanzo shandiswa neiyo Thermal kamera spec - Sheets yekufungidzira D / r / i marara pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka.

Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kusaona range

Iyo yakapusa mhando formula pamusoro inotora zvakakwana zvakasiyana uye zvakajeka mamiriro. Mukudzidzira, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa kuona uye kuzivikanwa kwenzvimbo:

• Target saizi uye musiyano: Yakakura (yakareba kana yakafara) zvinangwa zvinoonekwa pamakora makuru; Saizvozvo, chinangwa chine yakakwira infrared musiyano (i.e. inopisa vs inotonhorera pane kumashure) iri nyore kuona. Kwemakamera afermar, kufungidzira kwakajairika ndeye ~2 ° C tembiricha musiyano kubva kumashure kwekusavimbika. Zvidiki kana zvakaderera - Zvinosiyana zvinangwa zvinoda mamwe majekisiti (saka padhuze nenhamba).

• Sensor resolution & Optics: Sezvinoratidzwa, pixels fixels (zvidiki p) uye kureba kufuka urefu f kuwedzera huwandu. Zvakare, iyo sensor's modulation transt Transting basa (MTF) uye mhando yemukati inokanganisa mashandiro akanyatsoshandiswa. MuMashoko aJohnson, Zvirinani Optics (Yakakwira MTF) zvinobudirira kuderedza iyo inodiwa matanho ebasa rakapihwa (Zvakakosha kufungidzira system kuongororwa kwemotokari dzekutaurisa).

• Mumamiriro ekunze: Magariro chaiwo anowedzera masaini anonzi. Mhedzisiro yemvura, fog, kana guruva rinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya. Mhando dzakareruka dzinoshandisa mutemo weBheer (F_T = Exp (- R / L_R)) Kubatanidza kutapurirana kuWavelength (NHOROONDO NEMHURE YEMUFANANIDZO WENYAYA). Empirical zvidzidzo zvinoratidza fog uye mamiriro ekunze anorema anogona kudhonzwa zvakaderera kuwanikwa, kunyangwe muIr (NHOROONDO NEMHURE YEMUFANANIDZO WENYAYA). Thermal Ir Anotambura zvishoma kubva pamvura yemvura pane mwenje unoonekwa, asi mamiriro ekunze achiri kupfupisa anokatyamadza zvakanyanya (NHOROONDO NEMHURE YEMUFANANIDZO WENYAYA) (NHOROONDO NEMHURE YEMUFANANIDZO WENYAYA).

• Background clutter: Yakakwira - Yakareba kumashure inosvika kunoita kuti uone kuomesa. Miedzo inoratidza kuti mu "low clutter" Steenes JohnsonNHOROONDO NEMHURE YEMUFANANIDZO WENYAYA). Mukudzidzira, kuunganidzwa kana kusaratidzika kudzvanywa kunowanzoda kusiyanisa kana kugadzirisa zvakanaka pamusoro paJohnson's isina kushoma.

• Signal - Kuti - Ruzha Ratio (Snr) uye Sensor Ruzha: Mafuta ekuona ane ruzha (Netd) uye mashoma masimba ehuswa. Siginecha isina kusimba yemasaini kana yakakwirira sensor ruzha zvinobudirira inomutsa zviyero zvinodiwa. Zvidzidzo zvinosimbisa kuti yakadzika snr inoita kunge blur: inosvibisa mufananidzo mhando uye inoderedza inoshanda (NHOROONDO NEMHURE YEMUFANANIDZO WENYAYA).

Pamwe chete, izvi zvinhu zvinoreva kuti maitiro aJohnson anopa zvakarongeka. Chero kuverenga kunoshanda kunofanira kusanganisira kutapurirana, chinangwa chekusiyana, sensor ruzha, etc. semuenzaniso, etondo drs inofungidzira kuti "kusarudzika kwe" kusarudzika uye mhepo yakaderera) uye mhepo yakaderera. Kazhinji, exation chaiyo yakawandisa inowedzera iyo nzira yakapusa nekuonekwa kana kutapurirana izwi rekutora nekuda kwemhepo.

Muenzaniso Kuverenga

Uchishandisa iyo yepamusoro mafomula, imwe inogona kufungidzira d / r / i l / i lands yekamera yakapihwa uye chinangwa. Semuyenzaniso:

• Muenzaniso: Munhu wemba more.h_o = 2m) inoongororwa nekamera yekuuraya ne f = 50mm uye pixel pitch p = 20μM (= 0.02mm). Uchishandisa Johnson's 1 - kutenderera kweCycle yekuona,

  $$R _ {{frac {4 \,) {m m mm}}$$

  Kuti uzive (

• Vagadziri muenzaniso: A Leonardo DRS Chikumbiro Chekushandisa Chinopa Chinangwa chevanhu (chinongedzo chakakomba ~ 0.95m) uye kamera ine 17μm pixels uye 16.75mm focal urefu. Kune iyo 3 - Cycle Kuziva Basa, dzinobatanidza 50% Kuongororwa huwandu hwenguva dzinenge 157m. .

• Chaizvoizvo kukosha: Mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka (musiyano wakanaka, mweya wakajeka), kutonga kwaJohnson - Semuenzaniso, imwe sosi cites ~ 2000m kuona, ~ 667m Kuzivikanwa, uye ~ 33m Kuzivikanwa kwe1,8m munhu (Chii chinonzi Dr, uye chii chakavakirwa pakuverenga?).

Iyi mienzaniso inoratidza kuti maitiro aOhnson anogona kunyatsoiswa sei neakasiyana arithmetic. Chaizvoizvo marangi ari mukudzidzira anowanzo kuve akaderera nekuda kwezvinhu zvataurwa pamusoro apa.

Zvishandiso

Maitiro aJohnson anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira uye kuongorora inopisa yekufungidzira masisitimu kuyambuka minda yakawanda:

• Mauto uye kudzivirira: Sensor Contues yehusikuMaitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia). Chinangwa chekuwana uye kuzivikanwa (shamwari vs muvengi) usiku kuvimba nekufungidzira uku. Mazhinji manyoro emunda uye zvinyorwa zvekutakura

• Tsvaga uye Kununura / Chengetedzo: Handhed kana kukwirisa mapakamera emakamera aimbowana vanhu vakarasika, kana motor perimeter, zvakare shandisa metric. Semuenzaniso, zvikwata zvinonunura zvinogona kuda kamera inogona ona munhu pa 1km uye ziva na400m. Maitiro aJohnson anopa bhasikoro rezvinyorwa zvakadaro.

• Kuongorora uye mutemo wekumanikidza: Border Patrol, Wildlife Kutarisa, uye Intrusif Systems Systems Shandisa izvi maitiro kufanotaura kuti kure sei sensor inogona kutora munhu kana mota usiku. .

Mune imwe neimwe nyaya, maitiro aJohnson anobatsira kushandura paramita (resolution, opiccs, pixel size) mune intuitive performance metric (renji kuti uone kana kuona chinangwa chaicho).

Kugumira uye Zvazvino Shanduko

Pasinei nekubatsira kwayo, maitiro aJohnson ane zvakakosha zvisingakwanisi. Icho chiitiko, chakakodzera muenzaniso chinosekesa vazhinji chaicho - Nyika Mhedzisiro:

• Mamiriro Akareruka: Iyo inotora yunifomu yemamiriro ezvinhu, yakakwana tarisiro yekusiyana, uye tsime - calibrated mucherechedzi. Izvo hazvidavane kuti urege kana kukanganisika. Mukudzidzira, chinangwa chinopesana nemashure akaomarara angangoda kuwedzera kugadzirisa kupfuura nyaya yaJohnson.NHOROONDO NEMHURE YEMUFANANIDZO WENYAYA).

• Anofuratira zvakaratidzwa zvemamiriro ekunze: Maitiro ekutanga haasanganisire mamiriro ekunze kana kuunganidzira munhu. Zvidzidzo zvinosimbisa izvozvo hapana nyore mhando inobata zvizere fog, kunaya, uye kuputa mhedzisiro (NHOROONDO NEMHURE YEMUFANANIDZO WENYAYA) (NHOROONDO NEMHURE YEMUFANANIDZO WENYAYA). Masisitimu emazuva ano anowanzo kuwedzera neyekupandukira kutapurirana izwi kana shandisa hunhu hwekuona.

• Zvinhu zvevanhu: Basa raJohnson raishandisa vanoona vashoma vakadzidziswa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu anodzorwa; Iyo inofuratira misiyano mukudzidziswa kwekushandisa, kutarisirwa, kuneta, etc. Ikoko panogona kuve nemisiyano yakakosha pakati pevanhu mukuonekwa chaiko kwekuona (NHOROONDO NEMHURE YEMUFANANIDZO WENYAYA).

• Chiratidzo uye kugadzirisa: Iyo model inobata iyo mufananidzo sekuti izere chete ne geometry (pixels uye opicics). Izvo hazvipindire ruzha sensor (Netd), simba renji, kana mufananidzo wekugadzirisa eshany. Chero chero bhodhi rakapinza kana vhidhiyo algorithms inogona kuvandudza resolution inoshanda, zvichireva kuti makamera chaiwo anowanzobuda miganhu yechibereko johnson.

• Zvinogona kutarisana: Maitiro acho anotsanangurwa ~ 50% mukana. Ivo havatsanangure kuti kuita kunokanganisa sei nekuwedzera kwakawanda kupfuura chikumbaridzo, kana kubata manyepo - Alarm mitengo kana roc curves.

Nekuda kweaya mapopoma, yemazuva ano ekuita maitiro anotambanudza nzira yaJohnson. Semuenzaniso, iyo U.S. Army's Wana Nzira inogadzirisa zvinodiwa neCycleNHOROONDO NEMHURE YEMUFANANIDZO WENYAYA). Vazhinji vanoongorora zvishandiso zvino kubatanidza mtf, snr uye mumhando yemativi akajeka. Vamwe vanosanganisira Beer-Lambert Fratenuation (sezviri mukati J - bhaisikopo/T - sangana Models (NHOROONDO NEMHURE YEMUFANANIDZO WENYAYA)) kana clutter metric. Vamwe vanotsiva zvakaoma zvikumbaridzo neiyo nhamba yekuona (e.e. uchishandisa anogamuchira inoshanda hunhu curves). Kunyange zvakadaro, maitiro aJohnson anosara pfungwa yekufungidzira uye nekukurumidza kutanga - kuraira kutungamira kune inopisa yekufungidzira.

Mukupfupikisa, Maitiro aJohnson anobatanidza kusarudzika kwespatial yekugadzirisa inzwa kune mabasa anoshanda ekuona chinangwa. Nekuratidza kuona, kuzivikanwa, uye kuzivikanwa maererano ne "mutsara vaviri vaviri pane chinangwa," inopa mainjiniya nzira yekuverenga iyo kamera yakapihwa inogona kuita basa rega rega.Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia) (Zvakakosha kufungidzira system kuongororwa kwemotokari dzekutaurisa). Nepo munhu anofanira kuurayirwazve kwechokwadi - zvinhu zvepasirese mune chero zvakadzama dhizaini, maitiro aJohnson achiri anodzora kamera kamera uye maitiro ekuita nhasi (Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia) (NHOROONDO NEMHURE YEMUFANANIDZO WENYAYA).

Zvinyorwa: Kiyi tsanangudzo uye kukosha kunobva kuImnson yekutanga basa (Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia) uye pfuma mumabhuku (Maitiro aJohnson - Wikipedia) (Chii chinonzi Dr, uye chii chakavakirwa pakuverenga?). Kuongororwa kwakarongeka kuverenga kunotevera kuonda - lens mafomu ekufungidzira ongororo (Zvakakosha kufungidzira system kuongororwa kwemotokari dzekutaurisa). Mamiriro ekunze uye masendimita akanyorwa akanyorwa mukutevera - Up fundo (NHOROONDO NEMHURE YEMUFANANIDZO WENYAYA) (NHOROONDO NEMHURE YEMUFANANIDZO WENYAYA). Mienzaniso inoshanda uye kufungidzira inouya kubva kune vagadziri uye technical mishumo (Chii chinonzi Dr, uye chii chakavakirwa pakuverenga?).